浅谈学生环保社团活动的组织与管理

中小学推行“减负”举措后，如何使学生的空余时间成为“素质教育新的增长点”，是备受社会关注的课题。为改变“把孩子关在家里不忍心，流散街头不放心，送进课程补习班不顺心”的尴尬和无奈，不少学校开始联合有关部门，尝试成立和发展学生社团，他们依据学生的兴趣爱好，开展适合学生特点的各类活动，既丰富学生的课余活动，又致力于学生特长的培养、素质的提高，堪称良策。学生以高度的主人翁精神和品质参与到环保社团活动，充分发挥其才能已成为中小学环境教育工作的新课题，也为环境教育取得实效提供了崭新思路。 环保社团活动的组织 …     

液固比对含重金属水泥熟料制品中重金属释放的影响

通过模拟煅烧试验制取水泥熟料，参照JGJ 55-2000（《普通混凝土配比设计规程》）制取混凝土样品，参考SR003.1和NEN 7375浸出试验，分别研究液固比对粒状及块状混凝土样品中重金属（Cr、Ni和As）释放的影响。结果表明，在不同液固比条件下粒状混凝土中的重金属浸出浓度为Cr>Ni>As，Cr、As浸出浓度基本保持不变，分别为2 500 μg/L左右和5～6 μg/L，Ni在液固比（L∶S）<6时，浸出浓度随着液固比的增加而降低，在L∶S>6时，浸出浓度较稳定，为35.7～41.5 μg/L；浸出量均随着液固比的增加而增大。液固比（L∶S）<10时，块状混凝土中重金属累积释放量及扩散系数均随液固比的增加而增大，当L∶S>10时两者基本保持不变。     

红萍净化水产养殖水体的研究

利用红萍(Azolla)对富营养化水产养殖水体进行净化研究。结果表明，红萍能显著增加水体中的DO，增氧幅度随流量在16.88%～70.46%之间变化，随着养殖水体流经的层数增多或者处理的时间延长，红萍对水体的增氧量加大，水中DO最终趋向一个常数值K；同时，红萍对水体中的NH₃-N和TP都有明显的去除效果，NH₃-N去除率随流量在9.86%～38.90%间波动，TP的去除率则随流量的变化在5.80%～38.43%之间波动。可见，红萍是净化水质的良好材料，能有效改善水产养殖水环境。利用红萍净化水体将为解决高密度集约化水产养殖的瓶颈提供新途径，实现水产养殖用水的封闭循环利用。     

好氧-缺氧-闲置运行模式处理生活污水

在3个序批式反应器中,利用好氧-缺氧-闲置的运行模式处理实际生活污水,比较了不同曝气时间（2、3和4h）条件下的处理效果,结果表明,在R2（2 h）反应器中成功实现了单级好氧除磷和内聚物驱动的短程硝化反硝化。采用此反应器运行模式,对实际生活污水进行长期处理,反应器的COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为85.29%、74.09%和87.97%。本研究表明,在好氧-缺氧-闲置的运行模式下处理生活污水,能成功地实现单级好氧除磷与内聚物驱动的短程硝化反硝化的结合,并且在长期运行的过程中,能稳定地取得较好的脱氮、除磷效率。     

污泥膨胀状态下原生动物群落结构分析

系统研究了丝状菌膨胀与非丝状菌膨胀2种典型污泥状态下原生动物的群落结构特征及其演变规律。伴随丝状菌的大量增殖，原生动物总量相应减少，匍匐型纤毛虫及有壳类肉足虫数量迅速上升，占据明显的优势地位，典型原生动物为斜管虫（Chilodonella sp.）、小轮毛虫（Trochilia minuta）以及匣壳虫（Centropyxis sp.）；非丝状菌污泥膨胀对原生动物总量及种群结构影响较小，伴随粘性菌胶团的大量出现，各功能类群的比例变化较小，但原生动物总量持续增加，其中菌食性纤毛虫呈线性增加，典型原生动物为钟虫（Vorticella sp.）。     

污水低氧脱氮机制及其应用研究进展

阐述了污水低氧脱氮的基本原理,即抑制或去除亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB),同时保留氨氧化菌(AOB),并保持其活性;探讨了污水低氧脱氮实现途径;详细介绍了几种典型的污水低氧脱氮工艺(短程硝化(SHARON)工艺、厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺、好氧反氨化(DEMON)工艺、低氧自养硝化反硝化(OLAND)工艺、甲烷营养型硝化反硝化工艺和亚硝酸盐型完全自养脱氮(CANNON)工艺)的应用研究进展;最后对污水低氧脱氮处理工艺的工程运用进行了展望.     

基于工业以太网的烟粉尘在线监测系统的研究

为实现工厂矿山的烟粉尘浓度的实时在线监测，提出了在废气排放监测装置中引入工业以太网技术。以嵌入式S3C2410芯片为核心，扩展相应的外围电路，实现对废气中烟粉尘浓度等参数监测功能，集显示、信息处理、监测和通讯等功能于一体。文章给出了烟粉尘浓度的采样原理和系统的软硬件设计方案，详细给出了以太网控制芯片CS8900A与ARM硬件接口方法与软件实现方案。     

天津市滨海新区地震地质灾害评价与分区研究

收集了天津市滨海新区大量的工程地质勘察资料,针对滨海新区场地工程地质条件,从地震地质背景、历史震害的影响出发,依照相应规范和地质类比等方法,通过滨海新区活动断层影响、砂土液化、软土震陷的评判,探讨了滨海新区在未来强震作用下可能出现的地震地质灾害类型及空间分布特征。     

Occurrence and characterization of selected organochlorine contaminants in outdoor dust collected from Xinxiang,a fast developing city in North China

As facile “environmental media”, the outdoor dust may reflect the changes of contaminants in environment more promptly. In the present study, selected organochlorine contaminants (OCs) include hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) were detected in 20 outdoor dust samples collected from Xinxiang City. The concentrations of ΣHCHs, ΣDDTs, HCB, and PeCB in dust were in the range of 0.18–5.05 ng/g dry weight, 0.44–13.50 ng/g dry weight, 0.13–51.61 ng/g dry weight and ND-0.74 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Long-range transport, historical use, and recent impact of impure pesticides might be the main sources of OCs in the outdoor dust. The results of this study indicated that impure pesticide application maybe an important source of DDTs and HCB in the environment.     

Enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R in a combined process of iron–carbon microelectrolysis and aerobic bio-contact oxidation

Purpose

With the aim of enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R (AY) and further removal of the low-strength recalcitrant matter (LsRM) of the secondary effluent as much as possible, our research focused on the combination of aerobic bio-contact oxidation (ABO) with iron/carbon microelectrolysis (ICME) process.

Materials and methods

The combined ABO (with effective volume of 2.4?l) and ICME (with effectively volume of 0.4?l) process were studied with relatively short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 or 6?h.

Results

At the HRT of 6?h with the reflux ratio of 1 and 2, the AY degradation efficiency in the final effluent was >96.5%, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were 69.86% and 79.44%, respectively. At the HRT of 4?h and the reflux ratio of 2, TOC removal efficiency and AY degradation efficiency were 73.94% and 94.89%, respectively. The ICME process obviously enhanced the total AY removal and the generated micromolecule acids and aldehydes then that wastewater backflow to the ABO where they were further biodegraded.

Conclusion

The present research might provide the potential options for the advanced treatment azo dyes wastewater with short HRT and acceptable running costs.